![]() Nonetheless, every type of collection undergoes a strict oversight and compliance process internal to NSA that is conducted by entities within the agencies other than those responsible for the actual collection. Due to the fragility of these sources, providing any significant detail outside of classified channels is damaging to national security. Uses EO 12333 authority to collect foreign intelligence from communications systems around the world. This strategy helps ensure that NSA's collection of communications content is more precisely focused on only those targets necessary to respond to identified foreign intelligence requirements. For instance, the collection of overseas communications metadata associated with telephone calls - such as the telephone numbers, and time and duration of calls - allows NSA to map communications between terrorists and their associates. national security interests in a large and complicated global network. This process will often involve the collection of communications metadata - data that helps NSA understand where to find valid foreign intelligence information needed to protect U.S. Matches its collection to those vulnerabilities or develops new capabilities to acquire communications of interest if needed. Identifies vulnerabilities in the methods of communication used to transmit them. Identifies the telecommunications infrastructure used to transmit those communications. Identifies how the foreign entities communicate (radio, e-mail, telephony, etc.). In other words, if NSA is tracking a specific terrorist, NSA will endeavor to determine who that person is in contact with and who they are taking direction from. For example, NSA works to identify individuals who may belong to a terrorist network.ĭevelops the "network" with which that person or organization's information is shared or the command and control structure through which it flows. Identifies foreign entities (persons or organizations) that have information responsive to an identified foreign intelligence requirement. Regardless of the specific authority or collection source, NSA applies a standard process. To undertake collections authorized by EO 12333, NSA uses a variety of methodologies. Intelligence activities conducted under this authority are carried out in accordance with minimization procedures established by the Secretary of Defense and approved by the Attorney General. ![]() Collection pursuant to EO 12333 is conducted through various means around the globe, largely from outside the United States, which is not otherwise regulated by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA). To the extent a person located outside the United States communicates with someone inside the United States or someone inside the United States communicates with a person located outside the United States those communications could also be collected. The principal application of this authority is the collection of communications by foreign persons that occur wholly outside the United States. This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.Executive Order (EO) 12333 is the foundational authority by which NSA collects, retains, analyzes, and disseminates foreign signals intelligence information. Mid-Atlantic Terminal MTC Multimarine Refrigeration Ports America Ports America Chesapeake Maintenance Division. References: View complete reference list from CitEcĬitations: View citations in EconPapers (23) Track citations by RSS feed 333 Orders: 1429 Orders: Baltimore Bulk Terminals Ceres Terminals, Inc. Keywords: choice architecture menu middle bias edge bias nudge obesity position effects. ![]() calorie-free drinks) should result in some increase in favor of healthier food choices. Given this effect, placing healthier menu items at the top or bottom of item lists and less healthy ones in their center (e.g., sugared drinks vs. ![]() Items placed at the beginning or the end of the list of their category options were up to twice as popular as when they were placed in the center of the list. In two studies, one a lab study and the other a real-world study, we examine the effect of manipulating the position of different foods on a restaurant menu. ``Very small but cumulated decreases in food intake may be sufficient to have significant effects, even erasing obesity over a period of years'' (Rozin et al., 2011). The court’s decision after a contested hearing on (date). Order on Motion for Default signed on (date). (check all that apply):Court findings based on Parents’ agreement. Nudge to nobesity II: Menu positions influence food orders FL Parentage 333 Final Order and Findings for a Parenting Plan, Res. ![]()
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